Stifle: trauma - cruciate ligament in Horses (Equis) | Vetlexicon
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Stifle: trauma – cruciate ligament

ISSN 2398-2977


Introduction

Presenting signs

  • Hindlimb lameness.

Acute presentation

  • Acute onset, severe, hindlimb lameness.

Pathogenesis

Etiology

  • Trauma.
  • Degenerative changes in ligament.

Pathophysiology

  • Trauma   →   desmitis and/or rupture.
  • When stifle is in hyperextension, or sudden rotation with stifle in flexion.
  • Often in conjunction with meniscal    Stifle: trauma - meniscal  , articular cartilage and/or collateral ligament    Stifle: trauma - collateral ligament   injury; (cranial cruciate ligament prevents internal rotation of the tibia on the femur and 'cranial draw', ie forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur).
  • Degenerative changes in ligament.
  • Cranial cruciate fails most commonly mid-body; avulsion of tibial and femoral attachments less commonly.
  • Caudal cruciate injuries are less common.
  • Medial septum of femorotibial joint is often disrupted at time of cruciate injury.

Diagnosis

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Treatment

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Prevention

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Outcomes

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Reardon R & Lischer C (2008) Diagnosis and management of acute stifle injury in adult horses. In Pract 30 (8), 426-433 VetMedResource.
  • Latimer F G et al (2000) Stifle disease in horses. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet 22 (4), 381-390 VetMedResource.
  • Prades M & Grant B D (1989) Injuries to the cranial cruciate ligament and associated structures - summary of clinical, radiographic, arthroscopic and pathologic findings from 10 horses. Equine Vet J 21, 354-357 PubMed.

Other sources of information

  • McIlwraith C W, Nixon A J, Wright I M & Boening K J (2005) Arthroscopic Surgery of the Medial Femorotibial Joint. In: Diagnostic & Surgical Arthroscopy in the Horse. 3rd edn. Mosby, USA. pp 756-757.
  • Walmsley J P (2003) The Stifle. In:Diagnosis & Management of Lameness in the Horse. Eds: Ross M W & Dyson S J. Saunders, USA. pp 463.